Fibroids are one of the most frequently encountered conditions in the field of gynecology. These benign formations, which can be seen in many women, can often progress without being noticed. However, in some cases, they can lead to complaints that affect the quality of life.
What Is a Fibroid?
A fibroid (medically known as a uterine fibroid) is a benign (non-cancerous) mass developing from the muscular layer of the uterus. They are quite commonly seen in women and usually appear during the reproductive years. Most fibroids remain small in size and do not show any symptoms. For this reason, many women find out they have a fibroid during a routine gynecological examination.
Why Do Fibroids Form?
Although the exact cause of fibroid formation is not fully known, certain factors are known to be influential. These are:
- Genetic predisposition
- Periodic hormonal changes (pregnancy, menopause)
- Early age of onset of menstruation
- Obesity
- Low number of childbirths
What Are the Symptoms of Fibroids?
Not every fibroid shows symptoms. However, the following complaints can be seen:
- Heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding
- Menstrual irregularity
- Groin and lower back pain
- Frequent urination
- Constipation
- A feeling of abdominal bloating or fullness
What Are the Types of Fibroids?
Fibroids are classified according to their location within the uterus:
- Submucosal Fibroid: Grows toward the uterine cavity.
- Intramural Fibroid: Located within the uterine wall.
- Subserosal Fibroid: Grows toward the outer surface of the uterus.
How Are Fibroids Diagnosed?
Fibroids are usually noticed while performing an ultrasonography during a routine gynecological examination. Another method most frequently used for diagnosis is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
What Are the Treatment Methods for Fibroids?
Fibroid treatment is planned according to the size, number of fibroids, and the patient's complaints.
1. Monitoring: Small fibroids that do not cause symptoms can be monitored with regular check-ups.
2. Medication Treatment: Complaints can be reduced with hormone-regulating medications.
3. Surgical Treatment
- Myomectomy (removal of only the fibroid)
- Hysterectomy (removal of the uterus)
Minimal Invasive Methods
- Laparoscopic surgery
- Hysteroscopic surgery
Do Fibroids Turn Into Cancer?
Fibroids are generally benign and the risk of turning into cancer is quite low. However, rapidly growing masses or masses that look suspicious must definitely be evaluated with advanced investigation.
When to Consult a Doctor?
- Excessive and frequent menstrual bleeding
- Severe abdominal pain
- Inability to get pregnant despite a pregnancy plan
- A palpable mass in the abdomen
Although fibroids are mostly harmless, they can cause serious complaints in some cases. Therefore, regular gynecological checks should not be neglected.
